三、智能显示
【心中有数】
单元语法发散思维
过去分词作定语、状语
〖思维〗一、过去分词作定语
1.过去分词作定语时，单个分词一般放在名词之前，分词短语必须放在名词之后，这种情况与现在分词作定语时相同。例如：
Her job was to take care of the (wounded) soldier .
We are doing our (written) exercises .
The machine (run by the old worker) is made in Shanghai .
2.过去分词作定语时，多表示已完成的动作，但有时其所表示的动作却尚未完成或有待于将来完成。例如：
The houses (built in the 19th century) has been on fire for half and hour. (动作完成)
the workers demand (increased) wage . (尚未完成)
3. 及物动词的过去分词还可用来表示被动， 但也有少数动词(如fall, escape, boil等)的过去分词作定语时，只表示完成。例如：
the man spoken to(别人与之讲话的那个人)
boiled water(开过的水，表完成)
〖思维〗二、过去分词作状语
1.过去分词可用来作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况的状语。
1)表时间。例如：
(Heated), the metal expands .这种金属加热后会膨胀。
(Asked) why he did it, he said it was his duty .
2)表原因。例如：
(Born in the village), he knows a lot of people there .
3)表条件。例如：
(United), we stand; (divided), we fail .团结则存，分裂则亡。
(Given more time), I can do it better .
4)表让步。
Although (exhausted) after a long journey, he continued to work .
5)表方式或伴随情况。例如：
The professor stood there (surrounded) by many students .
〖思维〗三、尤其需要注意的是：过去分词无论作什么状语，其逻辑主语应是主句的主语。
1.【误】Seen from the mountain, we found the building is very small .
【正】Seen from the mountain, the building is very small .
2.【误】Written carelessly, he made a serious mistake in the letter .
【正】Written carelessly, the letter had a serious mistake .
【动脑动手】
单元能力立体检测
一、过去分词精练
1. The programs ____ (put) on yesterday evening were really wonderful.
2. ____ (send) to the hospital immediately, the wounded soldier was saved.
3. You\'d better not get the plastic bags and boxes ____ (burn), for it will give off some harmful gas and pollutants into the air.
4. The firefighters are trying their best to rescue all the people ____ (trap) in the fire.
5. ____ (encourage) by the teacher\'s words, the boy was determined to work harder and make greater progress.
6. The little girl was very ____ (frighten) at a frightening voice.
7. They found the house ____ (break) into and rang up the police at once.
8. The bridge that was ____ (build) twenty years ago needs repairing.
9. If ____ (give) more time, we could do it better.
10. ____ (excite) at the good news, he could not go to sleep.
11. The manager had every room ____ (examine) carefully.
12. Unless ____ (invite), I won\'t go to the ball tomorrow.
13. ____ (destroy) in the earthquake, the equipment doesn\'t work.
14. ____ (absorb) in the research work, he had no time to make any trip.
15. In the paper is a carefully ____ (decide) policy.
16. The first film ____ (direct) by her was very popular with the public.
17. The students have cleared away the ____ (fall) leaves.
18. I saw a lot of banners ____ (hang) from public buildings.
参考答案：1. put 2. Sent 3. burnt 4. trapped 5. Encouraged 6. frightened 7. broken 8. built 9. given 10. Excited 1. examined 12. invited 13. Destroyed 14. Absorbed 15. decided 16. directed 17. fallen 18. hung
二、单项填空
1. This dictionary is as good as ____ .
A. neither B. never C. any D. some
〖解析〗这本字典与任何一本字典一样好，故选C。
2. The hospital is not ____ it was ten years ago .
A. that B. as C. when D. which
〖解析〗as在此引导表语从句，意为“像……的样子/那样”。如: The cottage is just as it was in Shakespeare\'s time.这幢小屋恰好和莎士比亚时期的一样。 正确答案为B。
3. The hungry farmer came down to eat the dishes ____ , not even wearing his shoes .
A. after a short while B. in a hurry C. in that case D. in the way
〖解析〗先看看四个介词短语的意义，after a short while “过了一会儿”， in a hurry“匆忙地，赶忙地”;in that case“若是那样”;in this way“用这种方法”。再根据句中所提供的“the hungry farmer”，“not even wearing his shoes”。 正确答案为B。又如：She came down to breakfast in a hurry , not having brushed her teeth .
4. To my ____ , the workers set up a carved figure in front of the building .
A. pleasing B. pleasure C. please D. pleasant
〖解析〗表示“使某人……的是”用“to one\'s+情感的抽象名词”，如to one\'s joy/surprise使某人高兴/惊奇的是，故正确答案为B。
5. Before ____ the medicine, ____ ought to study the instructions or follow a doctor\'s ____ .
A. you take, you, advise B. you take, one, advice
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