17. substitute
Mary is ill and Laura is to substitute her.玛丽病了,劳拉代替她。
Home-made parts are being substituted for imported ones.国产零件取代进口零件。
Only art can substitute for nature.唯有艺术能代替自然。
He substitutes as our teacher of English.他代任我们的英语教师。
He will be the substitude for me as chairman.他将接替我担任主席。
18. influential adj. 有影响的, 有势力的
He is an influential politiciian.他是一个有势力的政治家。
infuluece n.
My teacher’s influence made me study science at college.
由于我受老师的影响，我上大学学了理科。
19. colonist n. 殖民地居民, 殖民者 colonize v. colonism n
20. outspoken adj. 坦率直言的
21. tolerate vt. 忍受, 容忍 = put up with; bear; stand
I cannot tolerate your bad manners.我不能容忍你的无礼行为。
Our teacher won't tolerate any cheating on exams.我们老师容不得任何考试作弊行为。
We tolerate all opinions here. 我们这里容许发表各种意见。
She didn’t tolerate his selfishness.她不容许他的自私。
22. independence n 独立, 自主
This country gained its independence in 1960. 这个国家在1960年获得独立。
=became independent
live a life of independence = live an independent life过独立生活
23. oppose vt. 反对, 使对立
oppose + n. / doing
oppose to /against
be opposed to
Father does not oppose the idea at all.父亲丝毫不反对这个想法。
My mother is opposed to the new plan. 我妈妈是反对这个新打算的。
Many residents are opposed to the plan of building the motorway. 许多居民反对修建那条汽车路的计划。
opposition n. 反对，敌手，抵抗
I expressed opposition to that plan.
24. optional adj.可选择的, 任选的, 随意的 n. [美]选修科
optional subjects 选修课
Is English an optional lesson, or does everyone have to learn it?
英语是选修课还是每个人必修的课程?
option n.选项, 选择权, [经]买卖的特权
You have no option. 你没有选择的余地。
There are three options open to us in that matter.在这个问题上我们有三个选择的可能。
optionally adv.随意地
25. passive adj.被动的 (反) active
put the enemy in a passive position 使敌陷入被动
the passive voice 【语】被动语态
passive resistance 消极抵抗
26. declaration n.宣布, 宣言, 声明 declare vt.断言, 宣称, 宣布, 宣告, 声明
a declaration of war 宣战
Declaration of Independence (美国)独立宣言
www.kmf8.com
Universal D-of Human Rights 世界人权宣言(联合国大会1948年通过)
27. autonomous adj.自治的
an autonomous republic 自治共和国
28. federal adj 联邦的
Switzerland is a federal republic. 瑞士是联邦制的共和国。
29. symbolic adj. 有象征意义的，象征的 symbol n.符号, 记号, 象征
symbolize vt. 象征, vi. 作为...的象征
30. purity n 纯洁;纯净;纯粹 pure adj. 纯的, 纯粹的, 纯净的,纯洁的
purify vt. 使纯净 v.净化
31. innocence n. 单纯, 天真无邪, 无罪, 清白
Her innocence has been proved. 她已被证明无罪。
The accused man proved his innocence of the crime. 被告人经证实无罪。
innocent adj (～ of) 清白的, 无罪的, 天真的, 无知的 innocently adv.
Can you provide any evidence that he was innocent of the crime?
你能提供证据证明他没有犯这罪吗?
be innocent of a crime 无罪
do the innocent 装糊涂
32. spiritual adj. 精神上的
spiritual life 精神生活 spiritual songs 圣歌, 赞美歌 spiritual gifts 神的恩赐
spiritual mind 崇高精神
spirit n.精神, 灵魂, 勇气
He is in good spirit. 他很愉快。
33. considerate adj.考虑周到的
be considerate of / to / toward others体谅别人
It was ver considerate of you to send me a birthday card. 谢谢你给我寄来的生日卡。
considerable adj. 值得考虑的，替人着想的
consider vt.考虑,认为
consider doing consider …as / to be consider that…
considering prep.鉴于,考虑到,顾及
considered as a whole 被视为整体
consideration n. 考虑
take sth. Into consideration 考虑;in consideration of 考虑到
用consider的适当形式真空：
Low price and good condition are two _______ in buying a used car.
There was a _________ growth of the light industries during the war.
It was very _____________ of you to send me a get-well card.
All things___________, it is a good plan, and a feasible one at that."
"从全面考虑,这个计划是好的,而且是可行的。
The most important ___________ in this case is time.
______________ his age, the little boy reads very well.
1.considerations 2. considerable 3. considerate 4. considered 5. consideration 6. Considering
34. correspond vi.符合, 协调
These goods don't correspond with my order. 这些货物与我的订货单不符。
Her job corresponds with her interests. 她的工作符合她的志趣。
His actions do not correspond with his words. 他言行不一。
correspond to (= correspond with)与...一致， 符合 等于， 相当于， 与...相似
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