A. It was started in 2007, and ended in 2008.
B. It has included three couples up to now.
C. It encourages family members to help each other.
D. It has caused great debate among doctors.
C
Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic (流行病) of sleepiness in the nation.“I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr.David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit (lack) crises can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night.“The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock.“People cheat in their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr.David.“They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally energetic.”
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researches say, is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their program.“In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you need only 5.5 hours’ sleep.If you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.”
To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier.“We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr.David.“Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”
26.What is the main topic of the passage?
A.Research on the causes and consequences of sleep-deficit.
B.The epidemic of sleepiness in the modern times.
C.The history of people’s sleeping patterns.
D.The minimum of our sleeping hours.
27.Which of the following is Dr.David’s opinion?
A.People who think they are sleeping enough are better off than those who don't.
B.Some people can remain energetic with only 6.5 hours’ sleep a night.
C.If they get 8.5 hours’ sleep, people will be full of drive and ambition.
D.People’s metal power suffers if they are lacking in sleep.
28.People in the 18th and 19th centuries slept about 9.5 hours a night because ___.
A.they were forced by their parents to do so
B.they knew what was best for their health
C.they had no electricity
D.they were not so dynamic and ambitious as modern people are
29.The major cause of sleep-deficit of modern people is ___.
A.the endless TV programmes in the evenings and the internet
B.the heavy work load of the day
C.the sufficient energy modern people usually have
D.loud noises in the modern cities
30.What does the word “subjects” in paragraph 4 mean?
A.Person or thing that is being discussed or described.
B.Branch of knowledge studied in a school.
C.Person or thing being treated in a certain way or being experimented on.
D.Any member of a State apart from the supreme ruler.
D
When it comes to using technology to foster education, the prevailing wisdom has been that more is better. Over the past decade, universities around the globe have invested heavily in the wired classroom, adding everything from external laptop connections to Blu-ray DVD players. But there is little evidence that these devices enhance learning – and, critics believe, they might actually hinder it, making both students and teachers passive. What if classrooms were restored to the pre-Internet days of wooden tables and chalk?
Take technology out of the classroom. Jose Nowen, dean of the Meadows School of the Arts at Southern Methodist University in Texas, has done just that. He wants his faculty to “teach naked”, meaning without the aid of any machines. “Just because you have a PowerPoint presentation doesn’t mean you have a good lecture,” he argues. Classroom time should be reserved for discussions with the prefessor, aimed at teaching students to think critically, argue, and raise new questions. Due to the grim economic climate at most universities, he says, avoiding new technology is also a sound way to save money.
Bowen, who teaches music, delivers content via podcasts (播客)， which students must listen to on their own time. He then quizzes them on the material before every class to make sure they’ve done the work, and uses class time for discussions and research according to the recorded lessons. He’s been teaching the same material for 25 years, but since he implemented the new way, he says, his students have been more engaged and scored better on exams. College students asked by researchers to list what motivates them have consistently emphasized teacher enthusiasm, organization, and raport (融洽的关系), while naming lack of active participation as a major disincentive (遏制因素). Last spring the British Educational Research Journal published a survey that found that 59 percent of students called at least half their lectures boring – particularly those involving PowerPoint.
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