The "breakthrough" came at the University of Dundee in Scotland, where scientists were offered money to research diseases ignored by major drugs companies.
Professor Paul Wyatt, director of the programme, said: "This is one of the most significant findings made in recent years in terms of drug discovery and development for ignored diseases."
He said the research, published in the journal Nature, represented "significant progress" in the development of a full blown drug against the disease.
The World Health Organization said there are between 50,000 and 70,000 cases of the disease a year, with a further 60 million people at risk of infection.
The research in Dundee was backed by partners at the University of York in England and the Structural Genomics Consortium in Toronto, Canada.The two drugs currently available to treat sleeping sickness both have problems.One is with side effects that kill one in 20 patients and the other is costly, only partially effective and requires long-time hospital treatment, the scientists said.
53.The word backed in the last paragraph probably means_____.
A.conducted B.supported C.believed D.managed
54.What the World Health Organization said suggested that______.
A.about 60000 people died of the disease each year
B.about 60000 people were cured of the disease each year
C.600 million people are likely to get infected
D.the disease is spreading fast in Africa
55.We can read this passage______.
A.in the journal Nature
B.in a newspaper of the University of Dundee
C.in a book about flies
D.in a newspaper about medicine
56.We can learn from the passage that______.
A.big drug companies play an important role in the research of the new drug
B.people who get infected with the disease are mentally disturbed
C.among 200 people infected with the disease, 5 may die because of the old drug
D. Professor Paul Wyatt may be a professor at the University of York
E
Most Americans who earned money last year are expected to pay the I.R.S. part of what they earned. Only those who earned very little are not required to make such a payment. They still must send a tax report to the government.
Most American workers have already paid all or most of their federal income taxes. This is because part of the tax goes to the I.R.S. each time a worker is paid. The government returns some of the money if too much was withheld. People who work for themselves usually send a tax payment to the I.R.S. every three months.
The federal tax rate is not the same for everyone. People who earn a lot of money pay taxes at a higher rate than those who earn less. But even people who earn the same amount do not always pay the same amount of tax. That is because of the many tax laws written by Congress. These laws were created for social or economic purposes.
For example, people who borrow money to buy a house may pay less in taxes than people who rent a home. Homeowners can subtract (减掉) the interest on the loan from their taxable income. Americans also can help reduce their taxable income by subtracting the value of money given to organizations that help the needy.
Personal income tax is not the only tax that the federal government collects. It taxes property or money left when someone dies. And it taxes earnings from the sale of some investments, such as a house. Americans also pay a federal social security tax that is used to pay retired workers.
Americans pay many other taxes, too. Most pay taxes to the state in which they live. Most states also collect sales tax. That is an amount added to the cost of goods bought in stores.
And local city and county governments collect tax on property its citizens own. Many Americans say they pay too many taxes and their taxes are too high. Others say they are willing to pay taxes to receive services from their local state and federal governments.
57. Why are some people willing to pay taxes? Because ____.
A. they want to receive services from their local state and federal governments
B. they wanted to make contributions to their country
C. part of the money goes to the I.R.S.
D. the tax laws were created for social or economic purposes
58. Why don’t the people who earn the same amount of money always pay the same amount of tax? Because ____.
A. some people are rich and others are poor
B. they live in different areas
C. they pay the taxes according to different tax laws
D. some people don’t want to pay too much money
59. Who might pay sales tax? ____.
A. Stores B. Consumers C. Salesmen D. Factories
60. Which of the following is wrong? ____.
A. The persons who earn very little may not pay personal income tax
B. People who borrow money to buy a house may pay less in taxes than people who rent a house
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