The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate. From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly.
With so many loopholes (漏洞) in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty advantages”. But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms. And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”.
49. The underlined words take “petty advantages” means to “______”.
A. be ready to help others B. make good use of one’s friends
C. be a little ahead of others D. gain something at other’s loss
50. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. While taking a taxi in Finland, you can get off without first paying your fare.
B. In a big hotel in Finland, you can enjoy free meals if you’re living in the hotel.
C. The bosses in Finland pay the employees according to their registration card.
D. The workers are always honest with their working hours.
51. We can infer from the passage that ______.
A. the Finnish society is of very high moral level
B. there are many loopholes in everyday life in Finland
C. in Finland, most taxi drivers will not charge you anything
D. everyone in Finland is like a gentleman, for they have faith in themselves
52. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. Life in Finland B. A Society with “Foolish” People
C. What a Life D. Foolish Finns
D
You’ve given up your fair share of sleep- will you ever feel rested again?
Let’s do some sleep math. You lost two hours of sleep every night last week because of a big project due on Friday. On Saturday and Sunday, you slept in, getting four extra hours. On Monday morning, you were feeling so bright-eyed, and you only had one cup of coffee, instead of your usual two. But don’t be cheated by your energy: You’re still carrying around a heavy load of sleepiness, or what experts call “sleep debt”—in this case something like six hours, almost a full night’s sleep.
Sleep debt is the difference between the amount of sleep you should be getting and the amount you actually get. It’s a deficit (缺乏) that grows every time we skim some extra minutes off our nightly sleep. “People accumulate sleep debt gradually without being noticed,” says psychiatrist William C. Dement, founder of the Stanford University Sleep Clinic. Studies show that such short-term lack of sleep leads to a foggy brain, worsened vision, and trouble remembering. Long-term effects include obesity, and heart disease. A survey by the National sleep Foundation reports that we’re losing one hour of sleep each night—— more than two full weeks of sleep each year.
The good news is that, like all debt, with some work, sleep debt can be repaid. Adding an extra hour or two of sleep a night is the way to catch up. For the long-term lack of sleep, take it easy for a few months to get back into a natural sleep pattern.
Go to bed when you are tired, and expect to have ten hours’ shut-eye per night. As the days pass, however, the amount of sleeping time will gradually decrease.
So earn back that lost sleep—and follow the orders of your inner sleep needs, and you’ll feel better. “When you put away sleep debt, you become superhuman,” says Stanford’s Dement, talking about the improved mental and physical capabilities that come with being well rested.
53. The example of sleep math is used to show ______.
A. in what case you build up a sleep debt.
B. why you need six hours’ sleep every night.
C. why you are full of energy even when you don’t have enough sleep.
D. you should drink coffee to keep energetic.
54. The author begins Paragraph 3 with ______.
A. an example B. a definition C. an order D. a story
55. By saying the underlined sentence in the last paragraph, Dement means__________.
A. a superman always needs a lot of sleep.
B. You can become superman after you repay your debt.
C. you will be in a good state with enough sleep.
D. you will become superhuman if you don’t make up for sleep debt.
56. What might be the most suitable title for the passage?
A. How can you keep energetic? B. Can you have a good sleep?
C. What is sleep debt? D. Can you catch up on lost sleep?
E
Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, but the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or built a sea boat, or calculated the length of the year, or planted crops; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world, you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages (野蛮人); therefore to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently----this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done----is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of setting their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that side which has killed most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that Might is Right.
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