2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化;根据意义进行相应的变化。 如:
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?” →She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.” →He said that those books were his.
(二)直接引语改为间接引语时,都使用陈述语序,但是因为原句的句式不同,所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。
1.陈述句的间接引语:陈述句由直接引语变间接引语,由that引导,可以省略。
“I want the blue one.” he told us. “我想要兰色的。” 他说。
→He told us that he wanted the blue one. 他说他想要兰色的。
She said to me, “You can’t do anything now.” 她对我说:“此刻你无法做任何事情。”
→She told me that I couldn’t do anything then. 她对我说那时我无法做任何事。
2. 疑问句的间接引语
直接引语如果是疑问句,变成间接引语后,叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序,句末用句号,动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等间接疑问句一般有三种:
(1).一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时, 由whether或if 引导。 如:
“Has he ever worked in Shanghai?”Jim asked. “他在上海工作过吗?”吉姆问。
→Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai.吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。
“Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked.
那个老人问:“你能告诉我去医院的路吗?
→The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital.
那老人问我是否能告诉他去医院路。
(2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,仍由原来的疑问词引导。 如:
“Which room do you live in?” He asked. “ 你住哪个房间?”他问我。
→He asked me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。
“What do you think of the film?” She asked. 她问“你怎么看这部电影?”
→She asked her friend what she thought of the film. 她问她朋友怎么看这部电影。
(3). 选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,由whether/if …or引导。 如:
“Is it your bike or Tom’s? Mum asked. 妈妈问:“这是你的自行车还是汤姆的?”
→Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Tom’s.妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。
“Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked.
“你妹妹喜欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的?”凯特问。
→Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones.
凯特问我妹妹喜欢兰色裙子还是绿色的。
3. 祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时,间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell,ask,order,beg,request,order等,而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。 如:
Jack said, “Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary.” 杰克说:“玛丽,明天请到我家来。”
→Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day. 杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。
The teacher said to the students, ”Stop talking.” 老师对学生们说:“不要讲话了。”
→The teacher told the students to stop talking. 老师让学生们不要说话了。
“Don’t touch anything.” He said.“不要碰任何东西。”他说。
→He told us not to touch anything. 他对我们说不要碰任何东西。
4. 动词时态和代词等的变动
(1). 某些代词,限定词,表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则:
直接引语 间接引语
today that day
now then, at that moment
yesterday the day before
the day before yesterday two days before
tomorrow the next day / the following day
the day after tomorrow two days after, / in two days
next week/ month etc the next week/month etc
last week/ month etc the week / month etc. before
here there
this that
these those
come go
bring take
(2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式,则间接引语中的动词时态,代词,限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时,以上内容就要有相应变化。
变化情况如下: 现在时间推移到过去的时间(注意:如果直接引语是表示客观规律的,那么时态仍然用一般现在时
一般现在时 →一般过去时;
现在进行时 →过去进行时;
一般将来时 →过去将来时;
现在完成时 →过去完成时;
Unit 5 If you go to the party,you’ll have a great time!
1. at the party 在晚会上
2. ask sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事
3. stay at home 呆在家
4. half the class/students 一半学生
5. get injured 受伤
6. have a great time =have a wonderful\good time 玩得高兴
7. take …away 运走,取走 put away 收起来,放好
8. all the time=always 一直,始终
9. make a living (by doing sth) 谋生
10. in order to do sth… 为了做某事
11. have a party 举行聚会
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