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Unit 3 Language practice
教 学 目 标德育目标：To know about some great inventions
知识目标： To practice the use of passive voice
能力目标：To complete a task about “How to improve inventions”
重点被动语态：
情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词(not)+ be +过去分词
现在完成时—— have/has +been+动词的过去分词
难点情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词(not)+ be +过去分词
现在完成时—— have/has +been+动词的过去分词
课型Revision and application
教法Formal and interactive practices
Part I: Revision
Language practice
现在完成时的被动语态： have/has(not) been +过去分词
Paper and printing have been used for ages.
The battery hasn’t been changed for a couple of months.
Has it been published yet?
情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词(not)+ be +过去分词
Information can be kept on CD-ROMs.
Books could only be produced one at a time.
Can books be replaced by computers?
Conclusion (I)
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
被动语态：主语是动作的承受者 。
被动语态的构成：be +动词的过去分词
一般现在时—— am/is / are +动词的过去分词
一般过去时—— was/were +动词的过去分词
情态动词—— aux.v. (must/can/could/may…)+ be +动词的过去分词
现在进行时—— be(am、is、are)+being +动词的过去分词
一般将来时—— will be/be going to be +动词的过去分词
现在完成时—— have/has +been+动词的过去分词
时态被动语态结构
一般现在时 am/is/are done
一般过去时 was/were done
现在进行时 am/is/are being done
过去进行时 was/were being done
一般将来时 Will be done
过去将来时 Would be done
现在完成时 Have/ has been done
过去完成时 Had been done
主动语态如何改成被动语态?
1. 主动语态的宾语改成被动语态的主语。
2. 主动语态的谓语动词改成被动语态的谓语动词。do----be done
3. 注意保持时态和人称的一致。
4. 带双宾的谓语动词有两种改法。当把直接宾语改成主语时，谓语动词后必须加适当的介词: to / for.
如：give-- be given to 此类动词还有：pass show send…
再如：buy--- be bought for此类动词还有：make draw cook mend…
5. 一些动词不定式在主动语态中省略to作宾语补足语，改成被动语态时，to必须还原。
注:1. 不及物动词(vi.)不用被动语态。如:happen、take place 、appear
disappear…没有被动形式。
**几种特殊结构
1.My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday.----
• I was given a gift on my birthday.
• A gift was given to me on my birthday.
2.We often hear him play the guitar.
• He is often heard to play the guitar
• 注意：see, watch, hear, notice, feel, make, listen to, look at等动词/短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不带to;但改成被动语态后必须带to。
Exercises
1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words.
1. I think one day books may ___________(place) completely.
2. My bike _____________(leave) at school, so I have to take the bus to school today.
3. The battery ___________________(charge) yet. How can I use my recorder.
4. Paper should not _________(throw) away.
5. Books and other material can _____________(borrow) from the library.
6. I’ve bought a second-hand MP3 player—and about 1,000 songs have ___________ (download) onto it!
7. Has the computer ________________(repair) yet? I need to write my article with it.
8. What have ________________(turn on)?The radio.
2. Work in pairs: Complete the quiz questions and choose the correct answer.
Who/ pyramids/ build?---- Who were the pyramids built by?
a) The Egyptians b) The Ancient Greeks c) The Romans
2. What/ use/ to make paper since the 19th century?
a) Wood b) Silk c) Cotton
3. Where/ the story of Romeo and Juliet / set?
a) In New York b) In Athens c) In London
4. Where/ the world’s oldest book printed on paper/ discover?
a) In India b) In China c) In Egypt
5. How long/ computers/ use?
a) For less than 50 years. b) For 50 years c) For more than 50
3. Make questions and write answers.
What/ shouldn’t /do/with paper? (waste)-----
--What shouldn’t be done with paper?
--It shouldn’t be wasted.
what/can/use/to make paper? (many things)
What/ might/use/to replace books one day? (computers)
how/must/printers/keep? (in good conditions)
Where/can/music/keep? (on MP3 players)
4. Look at the pictures and describe how the place has changed. Use these words:
add, change, open, paint, put, turn on, take away,
5. Complete the passage with the correct form of the words.
call, clean, develop, introduce, invent, produce, spread, use, write
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